To many, even learned maesters, the lands north of the Seven Kingdoms are inhospitable wastelands, their few inhabitants too savage, too primitive and too small in number to be concerned about. The Staffordshire Moorlands Pan, which may provide the ancient name of Hadrian's Wall (it reads in part VALI AELI, ie. Archaeologists have revealed that some parts of the wall remained occupied well into the 5th century. It might be thought likely that there was, but if so it no longer exists. Long sections of it were used for roadbuilding in the 18th century,[34] especially by General Wade to build a military road (most of which lies beneath the present day B6318 "Military Road") to move troops to crush the Jacobite insurrection. To the north, the wall in its central and best-preserved section follows a hard, resistant igneous dolerite or diabase rock escarpment, known as the Whin Sill. The centurion has been given the face of John Clayton. The wall fascinated John Speed, who published a set of maps of England and Wales by county at the start of the 17th century. Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian. Command headquarters was at Uxelodunum (nowadays called Stanwix) near Carlisle, where the Ala Gallorum Petriana was based. The north face is thought to have had a slope of 75%, whereas the south face is thought to have started vertical above the foundation, quickly becoming much shallower. Where the width of the curtain wall is stated, it is in reference to the width above the offset. You should check them out. This is followed by RIGORE VALI AELI DRACONIS. It was presumably incorporated before the setting of the church's dedication stone, still to be seen in the church, precisely dated to 23 April 685.[33]. On 13 March 2010, a public event Illuminating Hadrian's Wall took place, which saw the route of the wall lit with 500 beacons. In Our Time Radio series with Greg Woolf, Professor of Ancient History at the University of St Andrews, Hadrian's Wall on the Official Northumberland Visitor website, Well illustrated account of sites along Hadrian's Wall, World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd, Town of St George and Related Fortifications, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hadrian%27s_Wall&oldid=979730747, 2nd-century establishments in Roman Britain, Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Britain, Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century, Buildings and structures in Northumberland, Buildings and structures in Tyne and Wear, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles needing additional references from May 2015, All articles needing additional references, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2015, Articles needing additional references from December 2015, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The lands north of the Wall are cold and remote from the warm cities of the south. [17] For classification purposes, the milecastles west of Bowness-on-Solway are referred to as Milefortlets. In many places – for example Limestone Corner – the Vallum is better preserved than the wall, which has been robbed of much of its stone. XVII, pp. Most shops north of the wall do not deal in magical potions or scrolls, though traders are rumored to exist who carry all sorts of artifacts.
New Hampshire - with special guest host and former pod correspondent Ben Downing. [36], In 2003, a National Trail footpath was opened that follows the line of the wall from Wallsend to Bowness-on-Solway. [24] Subsequently, the Turf Wall was demolished and replaced with a stone wall. [5] Regarded as a British cultural icon, Hadrian's Wall is one of Britain's major ancient tourist attractions. The eastern end of the wall was extended further east from Pons Aelius (Newcastle) to Segedunum (Wallsend) on the Tyne estuary. This took place in two phases; the first (from the River Irthing to a point west of Milecastle 54), during the reign of Hadrian, and the second following the reoccupation of Hadrian's Wall subsequent to the abandonment of the Antonine Wall (though it has also been suggested that this second phase took place during the reign of Septimius Severus). The Stanegate ran from Luguvalium (Carlisle) to Coria (Corbridge), where there was a bridge over the River Tyne, and a junction with Dere Street which connected with the south. The Garage. You need to enable JavaScript to use SoundCloud. [38], Hadrian's Wall was known in the Roman period as the vallum (wall) and the discovery of the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan in Staffordshire in 2003 has thrown further light on its name. [7] In comparison, the Antonine Wall, thought by some to be based on Hadrian's wall (the Gillam hypothesis),[8] was not declared a World Heritage site until 2008.[9][10]. Hadrian's Wall extended west from Segedunum at Wallsend on the River Tyne, via Carlisle and Kirkandrews-on-Eden, to the shore of the Solway Firth, ending a short but unknown distance west of the village of Bowness-on-Solway. The Wall is a massive barrier of mostly ice stretching across the northern border of the Seven Kingdoms, separating it from the wild lands beyond. The early historian Bede (AD 672/3-735), following Gildas, wrote (circa AD 730): [the departing Romans] thinking that it might be some help to the allies [Britons], whom they were forced to abandon, constructed a strong stone wall from sea to sea, in a straight line between the towns that had been there built for fear of the enemy, where Severus also had formerly built a rampart. First, The Boston Globe's James Pindell describes what he's seeing up north, now that we know Rep. Joe Kennedy III will be heading there in the fall. These dimensions do not include the wall's ditches, berms and forts. [18], Although Hadrian's biographer wrote "[Hadrian] was the first to build a wall 80 miles long to separate the Romans from the barbarians", reasons for the construction of the wall vary, and no recording of an exact explanation survives. He described it as "the Picts Wall" (or "Pictes"; he uses both spellings). Tensions between the two countries to the south continue as is usual, but an era of peace has bloomed north of the wall since having been given a purpose. According to Sheppard Frere, the garrison reflected the political rather than military purpose of the wall. Woolliscroft, D., 1989, "Signalling and the design of Hadrian's Wall", Archaeologia Aeliana 5th Series, Vol. [24], Above the stone curtain wall's foundations, one or more footing courses were laid. While magic does exist in the world, as does a dragon, somewhere, it is not common. The Latin and Romano-Celtic names of all of the Hadrian's Wall forts are known, from the Notitia Dignitatum and other evidence such as inscriptions: Poltross Burn, Milecastle 48, which was built on a steep slope. The Roman province of Britannia included the territory of what later became. The milecastles and turrets were of three different designs, depending on which Roman legion built them – inscriptions of the II Augusta, VI Victrix, and XX Valeria Legions show that all were involved in the construction. [19] Theories have been presented by historians, mostly of an expression of Roman power and Hadrian's policy of defence before expansion. [23] Local limestone was used in the construction, except for the section to the west of the River Irthing where turf was originally used instead, for unknown reasons; it was later rebuilt in stone. Offsets were introduced above these footing courses (on both the north and south faces), which reduced the wall's width. Some parts of this section of the wall survive to a height of 3 m (10 ft). From north to south, the wall comprised a ditch, wall, military way and vallum, another ditch with adjoining mounds.
The remains of the southern granary at Housesteads, showing under-floor pillars to assist ventilation. Immediately south of the wall, a large ditch was dug, with adjoining parallel mounds, one on either side. The central section measured eight Roman feet wide (2.4 m, 7 ft 10 in) on a 3 m (10 ft) base. the Wall of Hadrian, using his family name of Aelius). He began building a new wall called the Antonine Wall about 160 kilometres (100 mi) north, across the isthmus running west-south-west to east-north-east. There was a fort about every five Roman miles.