please share your experience and submit a short "I felt it" report. Provided the memory of the finder (now 83), has not erred, it has, for adzes not found in an archaeological context, as good a pre-European provenance as the others from Farm Terrace. M6.1 on 6 Mar 2019 - Kermadec Islands Region (New Zealand) Viajes | Fotos ... 21-31 ago 2020: Islands of Fire and Whales - Kurile Islands (Russia) 3-19 sep 2020: Volcanoes of Java - Java (Indonesia) 20-30 sep 2020: The Volcanoes of Ambrym - the Grand Traverse - Vanuatu. As an alternative hypothesis these six adzes could have been fashioned on Raoul by craftsmen working in the Cook Islands tradition of the phase concerned. Collection Roy Bell, Auckland Museum 5459E. Farm Terrace, Raoul. I regard this scar as an accident occurring during an attempt to produce an adze of shallow rectangular section, or, less probably, shallow sub-triangular.
The difference is doubtless due to the status of the latter as the dead-end terminal of a drift route leading away from New Zealand into an empty ocean. . Max. Hourly surf forecast in Fishing Rock and prediction of the waves for the next days. While the writer has proposed a local origin of the type in the New Zealand area as a development of the Classic, archaeology has yet to reveal its age. Adzes of rectangular section, front wider than back, when without lashing grip, as here, are classified as Type 2, Variety A.
For example, New Caledonia alone has 45 species of native conifers. This third area, also known as “Terraces” and “Farm Terrace”, is the area of the most intensive European clearing and cultivation, a process which Mrs Ada Edington (nee Bell) believes was commenced by her father. Tide tables and solunar charts for Fishing Rock: high tides and low tides, surf reports, sun and moon rising and setting times, lunar phase, fish activity and weather conditions in Fishing Rock. Within Eastern Polynesian the type is curiously rare in groups such as Hawai'i, Society-Tuamotu, Australs, and the Cook Islands. 39162. Max. The strong superficial resemblance to Type 5A (Side-hafted) is probably fortuitous and arises namely from the raw flake scar on the left side. 17. While Maori tradition confidently alleges Raoul as a staging-point for canoes of the “Fleet” period migration to New Zealand, it is interesting that the styles of the majority adze assemblage found there represent a tradition which seems independent of the New Zealand Maori adze technology. It now occurs in two places only on Sunday Island .
Although the reported provenance of the eighth adze agrees with the situation under which five of the others were found, a real doubt must remain, because of the undoubted New Zealand Maori origin of this adze. European experience also indicates the difficulties of open boat landings on a generally cliff-bound coast, and Polynesians would be restricted to canoe landings through the surf at Denham Bay, to the southwest;on the northern coast; or at North Beach. Farm Terrace, Raoul; Collection J. C. Schofield; Auckland Museum, No. in the Classic Phase of the Society and Cook Islands.
4 > Stone adzes from Raoul, Kermadec Islands, by Roger Duff, p 386 - 401 “Bird Life on the Kermadec Islands.”, —— 1912. I would propose the following disadvantages in a suggested order of priority. What must remain uncertain is when these pre-European contacts with the Cook Islands occurred. Oliver noted in addition an even more obvious clue, the presence - 387 of four species of seaweed drifted from New Zealand, including the bull kelp, D'Urvillea antarctica. 126 km. From what one can gather of the potential of the local volcanic stone 16 these give the appearance of being imports from islands with more extensive stone resources, and selected there from fine-grained and dense material. With the self-evident exception of the New Zealand specimen, six of the seven basalt adzes can tentatively be regarded as a contemporary assemblage, originating in a specific Polynesian group, which the writer would nominate as the Southern Cook Islands. This adze for instance has important diagnostic value as it represents a particular version of the type which is confined to the Society Islands (where it originated) Tuamotu and Cook Islands. Such retention of traditional knowledge, if confirmed, would imply a long period during which the Kermadecs were known as a landmark and transit station on the Polynesian sea route between the Cook Islands and New Zealand. The next settler, Henry Cook, from the Bay of Islands, left in 1853 frightened away by an expected volcanic eruption. In the present age of some disenchantment with the traditions so confidently accepted by Best and Percy Smith, I note only those references in Buck. Despite considerable mutilation this example is clearly identifiable as an example of a class of tangless adzes of deep rectangular section, whose rounded contours reflect the successive application of heavy bruising and grinding, recognisable as a type in the Society Islands in particular, and here designated as Type 1, Variety G (Billet-shaped). One of these is of Classic Maori, New Zealand (North Island) provenance and may well have arrived with nineteenth century European settlers. In general the incidents concern the traditional canoes of the heke (literally “descent”, but previously widely and popularly misinterpreted as the “Fleet”). In the light of the slight and transient pre-European occupation of the Kermadecs implied in the following brief résumé of the evidence, it is significant that the existence of the group (through the name of Rangitahua applied to its largest island) was confidently asserted in Maori tradition. length, 185 mm/7¼”; max. Adzes of rounded rectangular section, deep between front and back, with abruptly squared poll, and cutting edge in the median plane, are classified as Type 2, Variety B. Buck's third reference again mentions the traditional wrecking of the Kurahaupo at Rangitahua and the transfer of her crew to the Aotea. Like the previous settlers the Bell family landed through the surf at Denham Bay and established a homestead briefly there, near Swamp Lagoon.
Like all except the Ada Bell 2B adze (of New Zealand origin) this adze could not have originated in New Zealand or in the nearest West Polynesian groups, Niue, Tonga, Samoa or Fiji. In New Zealand the type was progressively supplanted by the Classic Phase, Type 2B (surviving longest in the southern South Island) and in the Cooks and Society Islands was supplanted by Classic Phase Type 3A.
This adze could derive from the Cook Islands manifestation of the writer's late Transitional (fourteenth century) or Early Classic (fifteenth century). To Polynesians travelling in either direction the thirteen islets of the group, extending over 140 miles along a volcanic fault line running south west-north east, would be revealed over a wide sea arc by the presence of land-based seabirds such as terns and noddies and locally breeding petrels. Once again the affiliations are with the Society and Southern Cook Islands, and in this case more strongly with the former. I cover many earth extremities ranging from Earthquakes, Quake Swarms, Volcanic Activity/Eruptions, CME's – Coronal Mass Ejections, Solar Flares, Geomagnetic Storms, Magnetosphe “The Vegetation of the Kermadec Islands.”, —— 1911. Volume 77 1968 > Volume 77, No. The problems of accepting this adze as a pre-European introduction are emphasized in the full reference in the letter on behalf of Mrs Edington “Also they used to find clay pipes imbedded in the clay banks on the north side of the island at the back of Low Flat Beach [presumably the Terraces] and some of them were quite intact. Here the moderate back concavity has been emphasized by offsetting the butt to the blade. No distinctive Phase can be assigned. The listed quotations give some idea of the lack of any specific documentation of the sources. 7. Polynesians, on this occasion from Niue Island, were again on the island in the capacity of hired labourers on the Bell farm. Though all may not have travelled together, it is convenient to celebrate such a historical event by alluding to them collectively as the Fleet. length, 192 mm/7 9/16”; max. . Before its obsolescence the type was characterised as here, by a much slighter butt reduction, in this case with bruising confined to butt sides, and by failure to reduce the upper butt surface below the plane of the front. .” 4 The development phase, which may be distinguished as definitive in the sense that it led to the accumulation of records and of the stone adzes reported from Raoul, commenced in 1878 when Thomas Bell came from New Zealand via Samoa and settled on the island with his European wife and young family. ), —— 1968. It was formerly in other places, but has died out, leaving only dead fruit scattered about the ground. Raoul, 1945, G. Haskell Collection, Canterbury Museum E. 145.115. Moving on from the speculation whether this reference to “chisels” or “dark stone” implies other New Zealand adzes, it can be stated that all other adzes, including the four in the Roy Bell Collection at Auckland Museum, which could be identified in November, 1967, are of basalt. The writer is unaware of any record from the Australs. Max.
Because of the possibility of a post-European origin for all or any of the adzes, the following information on European settlement is relevant. Maru, as Marumamao, was an important war god in Rarotonga. “Geological Notes on the Kermadec Group.”, SYKES, W. R. And E. J. GODLEY, 1968. This was found by Mrs Edington as a child, presumably about 1895, and her memory is still clear as to where she dug it up. The remaining seven comprise an assemblage of types developed in the Southern Cook and Society Islands at a period which the writer would designate - 400 on typological inferences as the fourteenth of fifteenth centuries, A.D. Because, on grounds of material and style, these could not have originated in New Zealand, and because there is no record of nineteenth century Polynesian visitors from the Cook or Society Islands, these are tentatively ascribed to a pre-European origin. Buck's final reference again relates to an Aotea canoe tradition. Roy Bell Collection, Auckland Museum, 5457. This particular specimen, - 397 small and indifferently made, is in the Cook Islands mode where an adventitious adze flake was occasionally worked into a thin rectangular adze. If these pits were artificial they could only be the large ovens (umu ti) necessary to extract the sugary fecula from the tap roots of the ti (Cordyline terminalis). It may be tentatively - 399 assigned to the writer's Late Transitional (fourteenth century). The experienced eye can further detect fashion changes within the type during time. Depth, 40 mm/1⅝”; width cutting edge, 25 mm/1”; width poll, 40 mm/1⅝”. It is interesting that a system based on pre-Classic adzes from New Zealand proves capable, as here, of accommodating any random assemblage of adzes from tropical East Polynesian groups. Despite the apparently conclusive evidence of the presence of a typical example of Variety G in the Maupiti burial assemblage 22 where radiocarbon analysis of the bone collagen dated two of the burials as A.D. 860 ± 85 and A.D. 1190 ± 90 23, judgment might yet be reserved as to the age of Variety G in the Society Islands. post European]. This example is clearly of New Zealand origin, being made in a specifically Classic Maori (North Island) mode from selected fine-grained greywacke sandstone of specifically New Zealand origin. Assuming the group was first discovered in this way by Polynesians moving southwest from the Cook Islands, we obtain from the botanical descriptions of Cheeseman 1 and Oliver 2 a clue to the existence of further land to the south which might have registered with the first Polynesian arrivals. By comparison, Canada has about 30 and New Zealand 20. The Bell family remained in occupation until the outbreak of the 1914-18 war, a number of other settlers having joined them temporarily about 1889. In the meantime no safe generalisation can be made.