This proposal was also unsuccessful. (b) No restrictions are placed on legitimate political activity throughout the State.
Because Pakistan was hopeful for a plebiscite it accepted this plan but India did not accept it, perhaps because the question of irregular forces was not solved.
[44], Dr Frank Graham was appointed by the Security Council as the UN representative for India and Pakistan on 30 April 1951. (d) The terms of service of the Administrator should form the subject of a separate negotiation between the Secretary- General of the United Nations and the Government of India. Requests the President of the Security Council, the representative of Sweden, to examine with the Governments of India and Pakistan and proposals which, in his opinion, are likely to contribute towards the settlement of the dispute, having regard to the previous Resolutions of the Security Council and of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan to visit the sub-continent for this purpose and to report to the Security Council not later than 15 April 1957; 2. However, according to Dixon, Pakistan "bluntly rejected" the proposal. The Governments of India and Pakistan and all authorities within the State of Jammu and Kashmir will collaborate with the Plebiscite Administrator in putting this provision into effect. Recommends to the Governments of India and Pakistan, the following measures as those which in the opinion of the Council are appropriate to bring about a cessation of the fighting and to create proper conditions for a free and impartial plebisicite to decide whether the State of Jammu and Kashmir is to accede to India or Pakistan. But the Council asked him to continue his mediation and he did so, submitting his final report on 3 February 1950. [48][49], United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRaghavan,_War_and_Peace_in_Modern_India2010 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchofield,_Kashmir_in_Conflict2003 (, United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan, Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, "United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)", "Security Council Mediation and the Kashmir Dispute: Reflections on Its Failures and Possibilities for Renewal", "Three Compromised Nationalisms: Why Kashmir has been a Problem", Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules), Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, World Federation of United Nations Associations, United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights, Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Nations, International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, 2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UN_mediation_of_the_Kashmir_dispute&oldid=980647900, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
The Security Council then adopted a resolution asking that the two nations hold direct talks over this question. 3(c). © 2020 (a) The Government of India should agree that a nominee of the Secretary-General of the United Nations will he appointed to be the Plebiscite Administrator. [42] Henderson became the first American to visit Kashmir and observed that the majority of the Valley would choose Pakistan over India in a plebiscite. 21 February 1957 S/RES/123: This resolution concerned the dispute between India and Pakistan over the territories of Jammu and Kashmir. The resolution requested Pakistan to reduce its military presence to 3,000-6,000 and that India to cut its own troop numbers to a number between 12,000 and 18,000. After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the two countries signed the Simla Agreement in 1972 to define the Line of Control in Kashmir.
Resolution 122 (1957) Adopted by the Security Council at its 765th meeting on 24 January, 1957. Dixon favoured the plan, which bears his name till this day. [39][40] In the absence of Indian demilitarization, the Pakistanis and the Azad forces were unwilling to demilitarise the territory under their administration. THE SECURITY COUNCIL, Recalling its resolution 122 (1957) of 24 January 1957, its previous resolutions and the resolutions ... Return to Jammu and Kashmir … The question of the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite. Nehru objected to this idea by claiming that it would intrude on the state's sovereignty. When the Commission shall have notified the Government of India that the Tribesmen and Pakistan nationals referred to in Part II A 2 hereof have withdrawn, thereby terminating the situation which was represented by the Government of India to the Security Council as having occasioned the presence of Indian forces in the State of Jammu and Kashmir and further, that the Pakistan Forces are being withdrawn from the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the Government of India agrees to begin to withdraw the bulk of their forces from that State in stages to be agreed upon with the Commission. Having received and noted the reports of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan, established by the Resolutions of 20 January and 21 April 1948; Having also received and noted the report of General A.G.L.
[3] Following the set-up of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP), the UN Security Council passed Resolution 47 on 21 April 1948. Similar to the experience of previous UN representatives, Graham had first proposed a demilitarisation scheme which found acceptance from Pakistan but rejection from India.
B2. [30], Dixon next asked Nehru in the presence of the Pakistani Prime Minister whether it would be advisable to have plebiscites by region and allocate each region according to the results of a plebiscite in each. The Commission shall then certify to the Security Council whether the plebiscite has or has not been free and impartial. Notes with gratification the declared agreement of the two parties to those parts of Dr. Graham’r, proposals which re- affirm their determination to work for peaceful settlement, their will to observe the cease-fire agreement and their acceptance of the principle that the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir should be determined by a free and impartial plebiscite under the auspices of the United Nations; 2. The Security Council urged both countries to consider Dr Graham's criterion for troop reductions which he had suggested on 4 September 1951. The Administrator should fix the terms of service for his assistants and subordinates.
Police in Kashmir probe claims of staged army gunbattle, Jammu and Kashmir: The Impact of Lockdowns on Human Rights – August 2019 – July 2020 Report, J&K Suffered $5.3 Billion Economic Loss Since August Last Year, Says Civil Society Group. [17], His proposal enclosed a scheme whereby Pakistan and India would simultaneously withdraw their regular forces (excluding those Indian regular forces needed for security purposes), the Azad Kashmir forces and Kashmir State forces and millitia would be demobilized and the administration of Northern Areas would remain with the local authorities, under UN supervision, while the region would also be included in the demilitarization process. At the conclusion of the plebiscite, the Plebiscite Administrator shall report the result thereof to the Commission and to the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Upon signature, the full text of the Truce Agreement or a communique containing the principles therof as agreed upon between the two Governments and the Commission, will he made public. There shall be freedom of travel and exit.
All subjects of the State regardless of creed, caste or party shall be safe and free in expressing their views in voting on the question of the accession of the State to India and Pakistan. Such nominees should he formally appointed and such draft regulations should be formally promulgated by the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
A UN commission called for the withdrawal of both countries' troops in August 1948. [46], Graham then tried to make the mediation move forward and, without proposing a parallel increase of Pakistani forces, gave a proposal which would allow India to keep 21,000 troops as had been India's demand. [4], The UNCIP made three visits to the subcontinent between 1948 and 1949, trying to find a solution agreeable to both India and Pakistan. Commends the Governments of India and Pakistan for their prompt action in ordering a cease-fire to take effect from one minute before midnight of 1 January 1949, pursuant to the agreement arrived at as provided for by the Commission’s Resolution of 13 August 1948, and. A1. The assistance given by Pakistan to the rebel forces and the Pakhtoon tribes was held to be a hostile act and the further involvement of the Pakistan army was taken to be an invasion of Indian territory.
Jinnah rejected the offer. India reacted favourably to this plan. The United Nations has played an important role in maintaining peace and order in Jammu and Kashmir soon after the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, when a dispute erupted between the two States on the question of Jammu and Kashmir. The Security Council Resolution 47 (1948) also enlarged the membership of the UNCIP to 5 members.
Graham revised the figures so that 6,000 would be the limit of Pakistan's forces and 18,000 would be the limit for India's forces. UN Security Council resolutions concerning the Kashmir conflict: This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 17:43. There were talks in February 1953 in Geneva but the UN representative realised that this method would be unsuccessful. Having received and noted the report of Dr. Frank Graham the United Nations Representative for India and Pakistan on his mission initiated by the Security Council resolution of 30 March 1951, and having heard Dr. Graham’s address to the Council on 18 October; Noting with approval the basis for a programme of demilitarization which could be carried out in conformity with the previous undertakings of the parties, put forward by the United Nations Representative in his communication of 7 September 1951, to the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan; 1. However, India did not offer any substitute ideas. All civil and military authorities within the State and the principal political elements of the State will be required to cooperate with the Plebiscite Administrator in the preparation for and the holding of the plebiscite. The UN mediators tended towards parity, which was not to India's satisfaction. However, The Secretary General of the United Nations maintained that the UNMOGIP should continue to function because no resolution has been passed to terminate it. [18][19], The proposals treated India and Pakistan as equal partners in the dispute which was not acceptable to India which viewed only its own presence in Kashmir as legally acceptable. After both the withdrawals were completed, a plebiscite would be held. A2.
(a) All citizens of the State who have left it on account of disturbances are invited, and are free, to return to their homes and to exercise their rights as such citizens; (c) Minorities in all parts of the State are accorded adequate protection. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations Representative for India and Pakistan to render such assistance as he may request.