I have just modified one external link on Kinship terminology. Philippine kinship distinguishes between generation, age and in some cases, gender. The relative age and alternating-generations systems are combined in some languages. Kinship systems convey important social information, but the problem of the cultural meanings and correct translations of kinship terminology has proved to be intractable. Fordata,[8] Kei,[9] and Yamdena[10]),[11] Bislama,[12] and Usarufa. grandfather-granddaughter) are not mentioned. And people looking for information English kinship terminology will be directed here, though they may find some information in the Cousin article. thangai, thambi - younger sister, younger brother Lounsbury, F. 1964. Which is more, there are articles, books etc., which do not even mention such a kinship type, treating the Tamil system as an example of the Iroquois terminology. Moreover, he argued, kinship terminologies distinguish between relatives by blood and marriage (although recently some anthropologists have argued that many societies define kinship in terms other than "blood"). While the actual form of the words vary from culture to culture, anthropologists have identified only six terminology systems. ], mama - mother's brother, or father's sister's husband Languages which distinguish relative age may not have non-age relative kinship terms at all. Kinship terminology refers to the words used in a specific culture to describe a specific system of familial relationships. If true, this would also apply to the Crow system. bi-relational) or tri-relational kin-term depending on the context. Should the redirects be made into their own articles, or can someone flesh out the information here?
This article is not the place to go into detail on every language. The words "Western society" should not be used when meaning an English speaking society and maybe a couple of other societies having a similar logic in the language. Identification of Alternating generations, Relative age and Identification of Alternating generations, Discovery of Dravidian kinship terminology, Abbreviations for genealogical relationships, https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Kinship_terminology?oldid=551481. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.96.226.84 (talk) 06:37, 7 June 2008 (UTC). Philippine Kinship distinguishes between generation, age and in some cases gender. Tagalog borrows the relative age system of the Chinese kinship and follows the Generation System of kinship. This page was last edited on 6 September 2020, at 09:09. Different societies classify kinship relations differently and therefore use different systems of kinship terminology; for example, some languages distinguish between consanguine and affinal uncles ( i.e. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. I wil donate for the xtra Kb of storage Nasz 09:25, 29 January 2007 (UTC), There needs to be a section on English kinship terminology, because the lack of one leaves a gaping hole in the article, since it discusses other kinship terminology in English and using English terms. On the multiplicity of cross/parallel distinctions. Ass for now, all that one can learn from Wikipedia is that it is based on an obscure modulo-2 rule (obscure, because neither illustrated with a scheme nor explained with the help of contrasting it with other kinship terminologies). The relative age and alternating-generations systems are combined in some languages. precisely match the idealized terminological patterns (e.g. In Tamil, an older male sibling is referred to as Annan and a younger male sibling as Thambi, whereas older and younger female siblings are called Akka and Thangai respectively. The Hawaiian System. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hence, the term "muraimaman" for one's mother's younger brother. Floyd Lounsbury (1964) discovered a seventh, "Dravidian" type of terminological system that had been confused with Iroquois in Morgan’s typology of kin-term systems because both systems distinguish relatives by marriage from relatives by descent, although both are classificatory categories rather than based on biological descent.
So Chiricahua children (male or female) call their paternal grandmother -ch’iné, and likewise this grandmother will call her son's children -ch’iné.
The speaker and the addressee form two distinct propositi (P) who have unique relations to the referent (R).
Kinship terminologies consist of the terms used to reference culturally recognized kinship relations between persons. However, this image and variations on it are at the tops of Google search pages because of Wikipedia, so someone please look into this! (At least, it doesn't agree with my old anthropology textbook.) For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between sexes and between generations. Kinship terminology refers to the words used in a specific culture to describe a specific system of familial relationships. An example of a tri-relational dyadic term can be found in Gooniyandi. Descriptive terminology, in contrast to classificatory terminology, maintains a separation between lineal and collateral kin; for example, mother and mother’s sister, although of the same generation and sex, are distinguished. When a descriptive term is used, it can only represent one type of relationship between two people, while a classificatory term represents one of many different types of relationships. Though smaller, the Dyirbal dyadic kin-term inventory is also extensive (e and y stand for elder and younger):[4], In Murrinh-patha, nonsingular pronouns are differentiated not only by the gender makeup of the group, but also by the members' interrelation. In Vietnamese, all younger siblings are referred to with the ungendered term 'em', whereas older siblings are distinguished by sex: "Anh" for males and "Chi" for females.
If the members are in a sibling-like relation, a third pronoun (SIB) will be chosen distinct from the Masculine (MASC) and Feminine/Neuter (FEM).[5].
Besides, the above seems to violate NOR and NPOV. commonly used by anthropologists to broadly categorize different kinship terminologies employed by people.
In Vietnamese, all younger siblings are referred to with the ungendered term 'em', whereas older siblings are distinguished by sex: "Anh" for males and "Chi" for females. Using the abbreviations below, genealogical relationships may be distinguished by single or compound relationships, such as BC for a brother's children, MBD for a mother's brother's daughter, and so forth. Discoveries of systems that use modulo-2 logic, as in South Asia, Australia, and many other parts of the world, marked a major advance in the understanding of kinship terminologies that differ in from kin relations and terminologies employed by Europeans. Kinship - Kinship - Kinship terminology: While British social anthropologists examined the functions of various social rules and institutions and French structuralists used the regularities that underlay those features in a search for the origins of humanity, American cultural anthropologists explored the idea that behaviour is ordered by social categories. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, University of Kent at Canterbury - Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing - Representing Anthropological Knowledge: Calculating Kinship. periyappa - father's elder brother, or mother's elder sister's nusband, chiththappa - father's younger brother, or mother's younger sister's husband Please take a moment to review my edit. The Polish terminology is a good example of this. A person's male first cousin could be the mother's brother's son, mother's sister's son, father's brother's son, father's sister's son, and so on; English-speaking societies therefore use the word cousin as a classificatory term. More Complex Formulae of Generalized Exchange.
Kinship terminologies include the terms of address used in different languages or communities for different relatives and the terms of reference used to identify the relationship of these relatives to ego or to each other. Other Old Polish kinship terms for curious ones: S – syn, D – córa, H – mąż (małżonek), W – żona, HB – dziewierz, WB – szurzy, HZ – zełwa, WZ – świeść, HBW – jątrew, WZH – paszenog, ZH – swak, BW – bratowa, BS – synowiec (for a man, i.e. However, one's father's sister's children and one's mother's brother's children are considered cousins and potential mates (muraicherugu in Tamil). If kinship involves only blood and marriage ties, then kinship defines how family relationships form and how family members interact with one another. Moreover, some societies do not group together relatives which the English-speaking societies classify together. I'll detail one example that I know quite well. In a classificatory system some collateral kin—relatives not in ego’s direct line of descent or ancestry—are placed in the same terminological grouping as lineal kin—relatives in ego’s direct line of descent. Philippine kinship distinguishes between generation, age and in some cases, gender. 31.11.242.188 (talk) 13:42, 16 December 2015 (UTC), Nevertheless, please add a colourful scheme to show the differences between Iroquois and Dravidian. The basic idea is that of applying an even/odd distinction to relatives that takes into account the gender of every linking relative for ego’s kin relation to any given person. There is a clear distinction between cross cousins, who are one's true cousins and parallel cousins, who are, in fact, siblings. Here is the list of the main terms that are used as criteria of Morgan’s typology: FB and MB were (and sometimes still are) named with different terms like in Sudanese terminology - but one term for FZ and MZ (different than just “mother”) was (and still is) a characteristic feature of Eskimo terminology. In Kannada, distinction between these relationships may be made because sodara is added before atthe and maava to specifically refer to one's father's sister and mother's brother respectively, although this term is not used in direct address. Let's just have links, and work on each article separately. Thus, although Westerners may "naturally" agree with Morgan in seeing the term "brother" as descriptive rather than classificatory, speakers of these languages might disagree. The genealogical terminology used in many genealogical charts describes relatives of the subject in question.
I think we risk much be excluding too much of this detail and presenting an overly simplified and reductionist account of kinship terminologies. Other languages, such as Chiricahua, use the same terms of address for alternating generations. In Malay, regardless of gender, one calls (i.e. Ergo, the six-fold classification fails to account for kinship terminologies, such as those of Malay (and many other Malaysian and Indonesian societies), that in many contexts don't distinguish gender. On the multiplicity of cross/parallel distinctions. Rather than one term for "brother", there exist, for example, different words for "older brother" and "younger brother".
The only obligatory recognition of gender is in terms for mother, father, aunt, uncle; and for some speakers (but not all), grandfather (datuk) is distinct from grandmother (nenek).