They say that one has to be affiliated to some culture or else one is lost no matter how good or bad it is. (3) Didactic culture - specific training: area orientation briefings, analysis of case studies, intercultural sensitizer training Main Causes of Culture Shock. While the expatriate is busy with getting acquainted to the new work environment and the nature of the job, the family feels isolated and suffers from the effects of Culture Shock even worse than the expatriate himself.68 This dissatisfaction is even bigger when the spouse, usually the wife, had to give up a job at home and is now working in a position not matching her education and experience or is not working at all. It was also observed that "among refugees and migrants there is a certain percentage that fall seriously physically or mentally ill, commit suicide, or remain so homesick that they have to return, especially within the first year."30. Culture is essential to our humanness. Using the chi-square to test the null hypotheses against the data collected. Not to mention the higher salary.26 Other problems experienced by the returning expatriate might be the feeling that the company does not value the overseas experience and newly acquired skills and difficulties to adapt to unexpected changes the home office and the home country have undergone. It should be noted that the environment of social structure requires certain amount of persistence in some of their features in order to perform that expected function. It is a frightening experience as in a foreign land there might be a language barrier and a difference the lifestyle which may hinder the process of socialising and cause loneliness. It is shaped by parents, relatives, teachers, friends, and the society. Redden developed the Culture Shock inventory model that categorizes the skills and competencies into 8 dimensions, that serve as basis for the evaluation of candidates' aptitude. Even though Culture Shock cannot be avoided completely it can be decreased significantly through appropriate preparation. Physical and Psychological Symptoms of Culture Shock 2.3.2. Culture is the second of three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming after the level of Human nature, which is common to all human beings. Therefore, the difference in values is one of the main causes of culture shock. The companies that do offer cultural training often provide incomprehensive preparation as they focus on area orientation briefings and language acquisition instead of cross-cultural skills. The previous section dealt with the different phases that an intercultural sojourner has to go through during the Culture Shock or adaptation process.

These values includes language, dressing style, way of talking, habits and many others. Sometimes members of a society are often confronted by customs that differ from those which they have learnt to accept. The study concludes that forceful imposition of foreign culture should be discouraged. The so-called problem of repatriation affects the professional as well the private sphere. Both cultures are seen to have important values and norms, but are also regarded to be incompatible and therefore no integration is possible.
There are friendly but rather superficial relationships to host nationals. Once the crisis stage is overcome the sojourner starts to accept the differences of the host culture and becomes functioning. We use cookies to understand how you use our site and to improve your experience. They show between three and nine different phases but all of them have the U-curve-like development in common, starting with euphoria decreasing to escalation or Culture Shock and finally growing and improving up to the individual extent of adjustment.25, There are also models considering the return to the home culture as another cycle of Culture Shock and thus change the U-Curve into a W-Curve. However, besides this rather narrow interpretation of Culture Shock there is also a broader point of view, which includes the whole process of adaptation during an international encounter. Interpreting this definition in order to understand the term Culture Shock one might assume Culture Shock is a sudden and disturbing impression on the mind or the own concept of culture produced by some unwelcome occurrence or perception in a foreign culture lasting depression, a thrill, or an excited feeling of any kind. It can be material as well as non-material in nature. As regards who is to blame for the forgotten values, less than two-fifth of the population blamed it on the individuals, while the remaining percentage think that other variables should shoulder it. Further, the local government area houses are virtually a representative from all the over 350 ethnic groups in Nigeria such as the Hausas, Igbo, Fulani, Itshekiri, Urhobo, Nupe, and Efik, who have mingled with and peradventure married the autochthons or the Aborigines. Africans' epistemic and cultural advantages remain suppressed under the influence of global stereotype, which are reinforced through mainstream media. Simple statistical tools such as simple percentage and chi-square have been adopted for data interpretation and test of hypothesis. Although American culture influences upon the way the young Vietnamese behave and has some impacts on the old system of habits and customs, Vietnamese identity is still intact. The family situation and the dual career phenomenon also play a crucial role in this context. A good example would be that many international students might have difficulties adopting the new values which the foreign country adopts, and might feel homesick due to the culture shock. Anxiety vanishes almost completely and the habits and behavior of the host society are accepted. In most cases it is the gradual decrease from positive to negative mood after the initial euphoria stage and the actual crisis, resulting from that. Sometimes members of a society are often confronted by customs that differ from those which they have learnt to accept. The renowned anthropologist Murdock [4] has produced an itemized list of cultural traits that he claims has universal application. In contrast to that a separist strategy implies a strong cultural identity but no willingness to sustain intergroup relations. Is colonialism responsible for cultural values erosion? Almost everybody who spends some time abroad experiences the problem of Culture Shock. On the question of whether the Aworis have lost much significant cultural values significant cultural values than they have benefited from the foreign cultures; about three-fifth of the population responded yes, while the remaining two-fifth went for the remaining variables. The limited availability of personnel willing and capable of working abroad for an extended period of time as well as the specialized requirements of the job and the need for internal recruitment oftentimes leads to the fact that there is only a small number of candidates to choose from. Ho: there is negative relationship between the local family structure and foreign culture; HA: there is positive relationship between the local family structure and foreign culture. Which type of medical care do you always go for? These cultures usually consist of occupational and organizational components and reside rather in people's practices than in their values.16 Due to restrictions as to the volume of this paper, the work mainly focuses on sojourners, that are sent abroad for the sake of a business assignment. Interpersonal communication skills can also be assessed when referring to previous or current colleagues and superiors. For example, changes in production technology, changes in the means of communication, changes in the means of transportation, etc. These reaction types should not be seen as personality types but as basic possibilities to react to the confrontation with a foreign culture. The degree of freedom =(−1)(−1), I’m no anti-globalization activist or anything. Practical assistance - Help and support during the assignment. Mendenhall/ Kühlmann/ Stahl/ Osland, 2002, p. 172-175, 66 cf. The word culture has a lot of different definitions, and has had definitions that are not used any more. Nevertheless, there might also be serious physical symptoms going along with Culture Shock including an increased amount of illnesses and injuries.
But, this can't be true all the time. The Aworis have lost much significant cultural values than they have benefited from foreign cultures. This holds true for tourists, as well as exchange students, sojourners, expatriates, migrants and refugees. Social change theory was used in this paper. David Dressier and Donald Carns have made the following observations with regard to the causes of cultural changes: 1.

This will include both dependent and independent variables. This phenomenon is commonly called the dual-career-problem.

Some adapt more quickly and others need a longer time to get adjusted, but most people do overcome the crisis. This part deals with the different types of reaction to the phenomenon. Preference was given to it as it facilitated easier analysis and interpretation of responses to the questions asked. Many suffer from culture shock due to loneliness because, like a child in school for the first time, there are no familiar faces to be seen anywhere. Guirdham, Maureen: "Communicating across cultures", London, 1999, p. 270, 2 cf. Restaurants serving this or that country’s traditional food are drowned out by the huge fast food chains.


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